Identifying influential spreaders in complex networks

Maksim Kitsak, 2 Lazaros K. Gallos, Shlomo Havlin, Fredrik Liljeros, Lev Muchnik, H. Eugene Stanley, and Hernán A. Makse Center for Polymer Studies and Physics Department, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA Cooperative Association for Internet Data Analysis (CAIDA), University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA Levich Institute and Physics Department, City College of New York, New York, New York 10031, USA Minerva Center and Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel Department of Sociology, Stockholm University, S-10691, Stockholm, Sweden Information Operations and Management Sciences Department, Stern School of Business, New York University, New York, New York 10012, USA (Dated: October 5, 2011)